中国乡村创业理论构建与未来展望

Theoretical Construction and Future Prospects of Rural Entrepreneurship in China

《外国经济与管理》2023年45卷第1期 页码：121 - 136 online：2023年1月20日

作者

中：庄晋财1 , 黄曼1 , 程李梅2

英：Zhuang Jincai1 , Huang Man1 , Cheng Limei2

作者单位：1.江苏大学 管理学院, 江苏 镇江 212013; 2.江苏大学 财经学院, 江苏 镇江 212013

摘要及关键词

摘要：从系统论的视角看，乡村是一个与城市互动的独立系统，而不仅仅是单纯从事农业生产的空间，因此，乡村振兴不是简单的农村振兴。随着中国乡村领域创业实践的不断丰富，亟需构建乡村创业的理论研究框架。本文在梳理国内外关于乡村领域创业的相关研究成果基础上，根据创业理论的发展，适应中国乡村创业的实践需求，以解构“乡村”这一创业空间的本质规定性为逻辑起点，遵循“在哪里创业—谁是创业者—创什么业”的逻辑思路，将乡村创业的本质内涵界定为发生在乡村空间，以农民为主体，以农业为基础，开创与农业经济活动相关的新企业或新事业，并将其与农村创业、农民创业及农业创业等相关概念区别开来。以此为基础，通过揭示乡村创业涉及的“主体能力提升—产业功能拓展—创业空间延展”等相关问题的内在关联，构建起符合中国情境的乡村创业研究理论框架，以回应乡村振兴战略总体要求“产业兴旺”“生态宜居”“生活富裕”相统一的理论需求。这对中国乡村从“打工经济”向“创业经济”转型、从“城乡非均衡”向“城乡一体化”转型、从“依赖全球产业链”向更加重视“城乡产业内循环”转型，最终实现乡村系统的全面振兴具有重要的理论价值。

关键词：乡村创业；农民；农业；农村

Summary: From the perspective of system theory, the rural area is an independent system interacting with the urban area, not just a space solely engaged in agricultural production. Therefore, rural revitalization is not simple countryside revitalization. On the basis of combing the relevant research on rural entrepreneurship at home and abroad, according to the development of entrepreneurship theory, and adapting to the practical needs of rural entrepreneurship in China, this paper takes the deconstruction of the essence of “rural” entrepreneurship space as the logical starting point, follows the logical thinking of “where to start a business — who is an entrepreneur — what kind of business to start”, and constructs the theoretical framework of China’s rural entrepreneurship research. The conclusions are as follows: First, the essence of rural entrepreneurship is to create new enterprises or businesses related to agricultural economic activities in rural space, with farmers as the main body and agriculture as the foundation. Second, starting from the three dimensions of rural space, farmers and rural industry, the construction objectives of the rural entrepreneurship research framework include the improvement of farmers’ entrepreneurship ability, the expansion of agricultural functions and the extension of rural entrepreneurship space. Third, the basic content of the rural entrepreneurship research framework includes the basic theory and method research, the investigation of rural entrepreneurship subjects and their abilities, the expansion of agricultural functions and the derivation of new business forms in rural entrepreneurship, the extension of rural entrepreneurship space and its logic, and the promotion of rural entrepreneurship to the process of urban-rural integration. Fourth, the logical relationship of the content of the rural entrepreneurship research framework is, by investigating rural entrepreneurship activities with farmers as the main body, to explore ways and paths to develop new agricultural functions, derive new rural formats, improve the rural single industrial structure, form agricultural industrial clusters, explore rural entrepreneurship activities to bridge urban-rural links, promote urban-rural integration, and alleviate the basic social contradictions of “unbalanced urban-rural development and insufficient rural development”. The contributions of this paper are that: First, it puts forward the new concept of “rural entrepreneurship”. In view of the concepts of “farmer entrepreneurship” (emphasis on entrepreneurial subject characteristics), “countryside entrepreneurship” (emphasis on the external environment), and “agricultural entrepreneurship” (emphasis on industrial properties), from the perspective of system theory, this paper considers the internal relationship between entrepreneurial subject characteristics, entrepreneurial environment, and industrial properties, and regards “rural areas, farmers and agriculture” as the interrelated and interactive subsystems of rural system to deconstruct the essence of rural entrepreneurship. Second, it constructs the theoretical framework of rural entrepreneurship research. Placing entrepreneurial activities in rural areas in the special urban-rural dualistic system context of China, and taking “improving the ability of rural entrepreneurial subjects — expanding the functions of rural entrepreneurial industries — expanding the space of rural entrepreneurial activities” as the specific goal, this paper theoretically deconstructs the entrepreneurial activities in rural areas. The theoretical framework reflects the organic connection between “rural areas, farmers and agriculture”, and shows its systematicness, so as to enhance the practical explanatory power of the theory.

Key words: rural entrepreneurship; farmers; agriculture; rural areas

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20220725.401

收稿日期：2022-05-27

基金项目：国家社会科学基金面上项目（19BGL149）

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