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【上周讲座回放+附书单】当年龄成为动词:来自社会学的视野

The following article is from 言聚 Author 术士Gandalf


近期,《乘风破浪的姐姐》的热播带领着大家一同将年龄的社会属性与性别属性置于聚光灯下集中审视。


而同时,打开豆瓣电视剧页面的近期热播,首页上既有着《三十而已》,也有着《二十不惑》。


前者的名字有着消解“三十而立”的意味,而后者更是对于“四十不惑”的一种挑战。



这三个节目的主题都与年龄相关,同时在命题上又都可以看作对于年龄的规训作用的反叛:中年女演员能否在为青春所定义的女团形式中再放异彩?都说三十而立但三十岁又有什么大不了?都说四十才不惑,可二十岁就一定迷茫么?


从某种意义上,这些节目的火热代表了大众对于年龄的集体思考。从小到大,我们时刻都在被提醒着“你已经 XX 岁了,应该 XX 了”。


而对于临近三十岁的笔者和同龄人来说,婚姻、生育这些概念更是因为这一数字的迫近而成为了家庭中常见的压力。


但年龄是标志生命阶段的唯一参考吗?这一参考又是否是一成不变的呢?


答案显然是否定的。


拿婚姻来说,对比第五次和第六次人口普查的调查结果,20-29 岁人口的结婚年龄便推迟了约 1.5 岁。


显然,我们对于年龄的理解与想象不乏刻板和过时,而我们又可以从哪些新的角度去理解年龄呢?


本期的《言聚》上,Sociological理论大缸的创始人孙宇凡带领我们从社会学的视角,剖析了“年龄”一词作为动词的意义



倘若我们将年龄(age)仅仅视作名词,那么很容易如前文那般将其单纯地理解为某种发展阶段( developmental stage)的标签或者是某种人生的发展里程碑(developmental milestone),以至于我们一旦跨过某一年龄的边界,便要接受一套新的系统的规训


埃里克森的发展模型  

作者:Joshua Seong


然而若将年龄本身看作人生阶段的决定性因素,不免有些简单,更无法充分解释不同时期某一特定年龄群体之间以及同一时期不同年龄群体之间的差异。


这是因为,年龄(age)同样也是一个动词。它所包含的,不单单是个体到达了哪个年龄,更包含了其是如何到达这一年龄的


对此,宇凡以《乘风破浪的姐姐》中的焦点人物宁静为例,形象地演示了如何从生命历程、代际(generation)作用和历史时期(historical period)的角度去思考年龄的动态。


通过对比 60 后、70 后与 80 后等不同代际的演员所经历的中国电影发展的历史时期,我们不单可以更清楚地理解为什么宁静比参加节目的演员展现出了更强大的自信,更可以看到不同的创作背景对于各个时代的演员的影响,乃至缘何 80 后的演员难以找到突破口而 90 后的演员却往往流量大于质量。


之后,通过同样的动词视角,宇凡分析了为什么德国纳粹在上世纪三十年代获得了大量年轻人的支持。同时,以冻卵为例,本次的分享讨论了当下人们如何利用科技拆解时间,突破制度时间与生物时间的绑定


如果这些话题点燃了你对年龄的社会学研究的兴趣,欢迎点开下面的视频观看本期分享的回放。



宇凡更是为大家推荐了一系列的年龄社会学阅读材料,对于年龄以及年龄与性别的交叉研究感兴趣的朋友们还在等什么,读起来吧!


年龄社会学


一、奠基文献

Mannheim, Karl. 1952[1928]. “The Problem of Generations.”  Pp. 286-323 in Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, edited by D. Kecskemeti. London: Routledge and Kagan.

Elder, Glen H., Jr., 1974. Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Riley, Matilda White, and Anne Foner. 1968-1972. Aging and Society. Russell Sage Foundation (Volume 1-3).

Ryder, Norman B. 1965. “The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change.” American Sociological Review 843–861.


二、当代综述

Alwin, Duane F., and Ryan J. McCammon. 2007. “Rethinking Generations.” Research in Human Development 4(3–4):219–237.

Alwin, D. F. 2012. “Integrating Varieties of Life Course Concepts.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 67B(2):206–20.

Lahire, Bernard. 2019. “Sociological Biography and Socialisation Process: A Dispositionalist-Contextualist Conception.” Contemporary Social Science 14(3–4):379–93.

Bidart, Claire. 2013. “What Does Time Imply? The Contribution of Longitudinal Methods to the Analysis of the Life Course.” Time & Society 22(2):254–73.

Bruckner, Hannah, and Karl Ulrich Mayer. 2004. “The De-Standardization of the Life Course: What it Might Mean? And, if it Means Anything, Whether it Actually Took Place?” Advances in Life Course Research.

Dannefer, Dale. 2003. “Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage and the Life Course: Cross-Fertilizing Age and Social Science Theory.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 58(6):S327–37.

Gray, Jane, and Jennifer Dagg. 2019. “Using Reflexive Lifelines in Biographical Interviews to Aid the Collection, Visualisation and Analysis of Resilience.” Contemporary Social Science 14(3–4):407–22.

Hitlin, Steven, and Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson. 2015. “Reconceptualizing Agency within the Life Course: The Power of Looking Ahead.” American Journal of Sociology 120(5):1429–72.

Mayer, Karl Ulrich. 2009. “New Directions in Life Course Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 35:413–33.

Mortimer, Jeylan T., and Michael J. Shanahan. 2007. Handbook of the Life Course. Springer.

Robert H. Binstock and Linda K. George ed. Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Burlington: Academic Press.


三、近年的年龄社会学*交叉性别研究

Brown,Eliza, and Mary Patrick. 2018. ‘Time, Anticipation, and the Life Course: EggFreezing as Temporarily Disentangling Romance and Reproduction’. American Sociological Review 83 (5):959–82.

Clawson, Dan, and Naomi Gerstel. 2014. Unequal Time: Gender, Class, and Family in Employment Schedules. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Smith, Michael Robert, and Sean Waite. 2019. “Occupational Demand, Cumulative Disadvantage, and Gender: Differences in University Graduates’ Early Career Earnings.” Canadian Journal of Sociology 44(2):165–94.

Pickard, Susan. 2020. “Waiting like a Girl? The Temporal Constitution of Femininity as a Factor in Gender Inequality.” The British Journal of Sociology 71(2):314–27.

Pralat, Robert. 2020. “Parenthood as Intended: Reproductive Responsibility, Moral Judgements and Having Children ‘by Accident.’” The Sociological Review 68(1):161–76.


撰文 | Gandalf

视觉 | Kohaku, Sharon

*图片来自网络



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