牛津社会语言学丛书

社会语言学是研究语言与社会多方面关系的学科，它从社会科学的不同角度，诸如社会学、人类学、民族学、心理学、地理学和历史学等去考察语言。自20世纪60年代发端以来，社会语言学已经逐渐发展成为语言学研究中的一门重要学科，引发众多学者的关注和探究。

“牛津社会语言学丛书”由国际社会语言学研究的两位领军人物——英国卡迪夫大学语言与交际研究中心的教授Nicolas Coupland和Adam Jaworski（现在中国香港大学英语学院任教）——担任主编。丛书自2004年由牛津大学出版社陆续出版以来，推出了一系列社会语言学研究的专著，可以说是汇集了这一学科研究的最新成果，代表了当今国际社会语言学研究的最高水平。

我们从中精选出九种，引进出版。所选的这些专著内容广泛，又较贴近我国学者研究的需求，涵盖了当今社会语言学的许多重要课题，如语言变体与语言变化、语言权力与文化认同、语言多元化与语言边缘化、语言与族裔、语言与立场（界位）、语言与新媒体、语用学与礼貌、语言与法律以及社会语言学视角下的话语研究等等。其中既有理论研究，又有方法创新；既有框架分析建构，又有实地考察报告；既体现本学科的前沿和纵深，又展现跨学科的交叉和互补。

相信丛书的引进出版能为从事社会语言学研究的读者带来新的启示，进一步推动我国语言学研究的发展。

《礼貌语用学》简介

Geoffrey Leech（1936—2014）

作者简介：Geoffrey Leech is Emeritus Professor of English Linguistics at Lancaster University, where he has been a faculty member for over 40 years. He has published many books and articles in the fields of English grammar, stylistics, pragmatics, semantics and corpus linguistics. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1987.

杰弗里·利奇教授是英国兰卡斯特大学荣休教授，主要学术兴趣包括英语语法、文体学、语用学、语义学以及语料库语言学等，1987年当选英国学术院院士。

This readable book presents a new general theoretical understanding of politeness. It offers an account of a wide range of politeness phenomena in English, illustrated by hundreds of examples of actual language use taken largely from authentic British and American sources. Building on his earlier pioneering work on politeness, Geoffrey Leech takes a pragmatic approach that is based on the controversial notion that politeness is communicative altruisms. Leech’s 1983 book, Principles of Pragmatics, introduced the now widely-accepted distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of politeness; this book returns to the pragmalinguistic side, somewhat neglected in recent work. Drawing on neo-Gricean thinking, Leech rejects the prevalent view that it is impossible to apply the terms “polite” or “impolite” to linguistic phenomena.

Leech covers all major speech acts that are either positively or negatively associated with politeness, such as requests, apologies, compliments, offers, criticisms, good wishes, condolences, congratulations, agreement, and disagreement. Additional chapters deal with impoliteness and the related phenomena of irony (“mock politeness”) and banter (“mock impoliteness”), and with the role of politeness in the learning of English as a second language. A final chapter takes a fascinating look at more than a thousand years of history of politeness in the English language.

*本文内容来自《礼貌语用学》，有删节。

本书目录

Preface

Abbreviations and Special Symbols

PART ONE Laying the foundations

1.Introduction

1.1Eight characteristics of politeness

1.2Some distinctions to bear in mind

2.Politeness: viewpoints

2.1What is to be explained? Five explicanda

2.2An overview of theories or models of politeness

2.3The model presented in this book in comparison with others

2.4Other basic questions

2.5Conclusion

3.Pragmatics, indirectness, and neg-politeness: a basis for politeness modeling

3.1A problem-solving view of pragmatics: S’s problem and H’s problem

3.2Simple sentences, propostionals, and pragmatic force

3.3Exclamations and isolates (including pragmatic particles)

3.4Default interpretations and default decisions

3.5The representation of pragmatic meaning

3.6Neo-Gricean deault thinking

3.7Conventional implicature and pragmaticalization

3.8Summary and conclusion

4.Politeness: the model

4.1Criticisms of B&L (1978/1987) and also of Leech’s POP (1983)

4.2Restatement of the treatment of politeness in Principles of Pragmatics (Leech 1987)

4.3Rethinking the maxims of politeness in Principles of Politeness

4.4Important disclaimers and caveats

4.5Interlinguistic and cross-cultural variation in politeness

4.6Postscript on politeness in relation to honorifics

4.7Postscript on face

4.8A tentative conclusion on universals of politeness

PART TWO Politeness and Impoliteness in the use of English

5.A case study: apologies

5.1Apologies: speech events seen as prototype categories

5.2A digression: apologies and other speech events

5.3Prototypical and less prototypical apologies

5.4Apologies: the pragmalinguistic facet

5.5Apologies: the sociopragmatic facet

5.6Reponses to apologies

5.7Public apologies

5.8Conclusion

6.Requests and other directives

6.1What is a request? Requests and related speech events

6.2The parameters of request territory

6.3Strategies for directives

6.4Pragmatic modifiers

6.5Responses to requests

6.6Concluding remarks

7.Other politeness-sensitive speech events

7.1Offers, invitations, and undertakings

7.2Compliments and criticisms

7.3Thanks

7.4Agreement, disagreement, advice, and O-focused suggestions

7.5Congratulations, commiserations, and good wishes

7.6Concluding remarks

8.Politeness and Its “opposites”

8.1Nonpoliteness: lack of politeness or impoliteness

8.2Impoliteness

8.3Sarcasm or conversational irony

8.4Banter: mock impoliteness

PART THREE Further perspectives

9.Methods of data collection: empirical pragmatics

9.1An overview of methods

9.2Rating, multiple choice, and interview tasks

9.3Discourse completion (DCTs)

9.4Closed and open role play

9.5Observation of authentic discourse

9.6Conclusion

10.Interlanguage pragmatics and politeness across languages and cultures

10.1Background to interlanguage pragmatics

10.2The ILP paradigm of research

10.3Research on different L1 groups in learning English

10.4Methodologies of ILP data collection

10.5ILP research in relation to politeness

10.6ILP and the Politeness Principle

10.7ILP and cross-cultural pragmatics

10.8ILP hypotheses informed by the GSP model

10.9Conclusion

11.Politeness and the history of English

11.1Historical pragmatics and politeness

11.2Politeness in Old English (before 1100)

11.3Politeness in Middle English (1100--1500)

11.4Politeness in Modern English (after 1500)

11.5Recent and current developments

11.6Concluding remarks: the decline of politeness?

Appendix: Pragmatics, indirectness and neg-politeness: the background

A1 The precursors of modern politeness studies: a brief sketch

A2 A new “take” on Searlo-Gricean pragmatics

A3 Conclusion

References

Index

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